They basically realized that there were ZERO cases of diabetes in Greenlanders.
Diet was a huge reason they believed this happened. They ate seal and whale
meat, almost no carbs (wheat, fruit, and other carbs don't grow in the arctic).
2016 Greenland Study - Identification of Novel Genetic Determinants of Erythrocyte Membrane Fatty Acid Composition among Greenlanders
This is the original study that found that these Greenlanders had a different way of metabolizing fatty acids vs. other people. They were basically knew that there was a difference between these greenlanders that made them healthier, but didn't know why. This study was able to narrow it down to 6 different associations
2020 Greenland Inuit Study - The derived allele of a novel intergenic variant at chromosome 11 associates with lower body mass index and a favorable metabolic phenotype in Greenlanders
So this was the original study that found this specific gene (the one that controls whether someone creates sucrase or not) resulted in better metabolic health
Stage 2 replication and meta-analysis were performed in additional cohorts comprising
1,058 Yup'ik Alaska Native people, and
1,529 Greenlanders.
variant was associated with:
a leaner body type (weight, -1.68 (0.37) kg;
waist circumference, -1.52 (0.33) cm;
hip circumference, -0.85 (0.24) cm;
lean mass, -0.84 (0.19) kg;
fat mass and percent, -1.66 (0.33) kg and -1.39 (0.27) %;
visceral adipose tissue, -0.30 (0.07) cm;
subcutaneous adipose tissue, -0.16 (0.05) cm, all p = 0.0002),
lower insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, -0.12 (0.04), p = 0.00021), and
favorable lipid levels (triglyceride, -0.05 (0.02) mmol/l, p = 0.025;
HDL-cholesterol, 0.04 (0.01) mmol/l, p = 0.0015).
2022 Greenland Inuit Study - Loss of Sucrase-Isomaltase Function Increases Acetate Levels and Improves Metabolic Health in Greenlandic Cohorts
Study - Greenland Inuits with Homozygous Trait do NOT produce Sucrase in their gut. As a result, sugar is not metabolized, and it's not absorbed by the body
This study wanted to test to see if this gave them a better metabolic profile. They found these Inuits:
Lower body mass index (β [standard error], –2.0 [0.5] kg/m2; P = 3.1 × 10–5),
body weight (–4.8 [1.4] kg; P = 5.1 × 10–4),
fat percentage (–3.3% [1.0%]; P = 3.7 × 10–4),
fasting triglyceride (–0.27 [0.07] mmol/L; P = 2.3 × 10–6), and
remnant cholesterol (–0.11 [0.03] mmol/L; P = 4.2 × 10–5).
These results were then confirmed in knockout mice.
Notable that these people ate the SAME calories as other people, but had a better metabolic profile.
Further analyses suggested that this was likely mediated partly by higher circulating levels of acetate observed in homozygous carriers (β [standard error], 0.056 [0.002] mmol/L; P = 2.1 × 10–26), and partly by reduced sucrose uptake, but not lower caloric intake.
2023 Study - Results have not been published. This is the study that would look specifically at how the unique greenlander's bodies respond to sugar intake. Specifically, if eating frozen dinner, processed foods, as opposed to whale and seal meat, would cause diabetes.
Western diet: high in starch mostly from bread and pasta. The diet had a relatively high content of sucrose from fruit yogurt, fruits, orange juice, and biscuits. Dinner meals were frozen convenience meals, i.e. pasta dishes and pizza, supplied by extra vegetables. The nutrient composition expressed in percentage of total energy derived from each macronutrient, i.e. energy% (E%), was:
Sucrose 11%
Other carbohydrates: 47–49 E%
Protein: 14 E%
Fat: 25 E%
Traditional Greenlandic diet: high content of fish, both raw and dried, reindeer meat, dried whale meat, and eggs, as well as blueberries, an arctic berry which do not contain sucrose. The majority of the foods were provided frozen and participants prepared dinner meals. The nutrient composition was:
Sucrose: 0 E%
Other carbohydrate: 5 E%
Protein: 36 E%
Fat: 57 E%
Mechanism of Solution - AKA, proof that L-Arabinose is the Solution:
Kraft Heinz has sponsored work by Harvard scientists to make an enzyme that turns sugar into fiber. Doesn't work on Sucrase, but is interesting to see that this idea to “Build a wall that prevents sugar from entering blood stream” is not new. But the solution has been under our noses this whole
Arabinose added to drink once per day. No diet changes or exercise requirements.
Our results showed that the L-arabinose decreased waist circumference, TC, fasting glucose, serum uric acid, ALT and slightly increased HDLCand slightly decreased diastolic blood pressure after 6 months.
A tendency for decreased waist circumference, TC, fasting glucose, serum uric acid, ALT after 2, 4 and 6 months of treatment with L-arabinose was observed
Weight changes;
Base(72.2±13.0kg),
2 months Post-treatment (71.5±13.3kg)
4 months Post-treatment (71.3±13.0kg)
6 months Post-treatment (70.8±13.6kg)
Waist Circumfrence
Pre-treatment (93.0±8.6cm),
2 months Post-treatment (92.1±8.5cm) was not statistically significant (P>0.05), the
4 months Post-treatment (90.6±8.7cm)
6 months Post-treatment (89.9±8.5cm)
Fasting Blood Glucose
Pre-treatment (113.4±26.1 mg/dL)
2 months Post-treatment (108.3±18.4 mg/dL)
decreased but was not statistically significant (P>0.05)
4 months Post-treatment (106.2±18.2 mg/dL)
decreased but was not statistically significant (P>0.05), the
6 months Post-treatment (98.8±15.3 mg/dL)
decreased and had statistically significance
Mechanism of Solution 2 - Proof that Arabinose + Chromium was the Dynamic Duo:
San Antonio University Study (2011), 20 people over 4 weeks, took Chromium + L-Arabinose - lowered circulating insulin and circulating blood glucose levels (even after eating food)
Twenty-eight studies reported fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) as an outcome measure. Results revealed significant reduction after chromium supplementation in
FPG (weighted mean difference (WMD):
-19.00 mg/dl, 95% CI: -36.15, -1.85, P = 0.030; I2: 99.8%, p < 0.001),
insulin level (WMD:
-12.35 pmol/l, 95% CI: -17.86, -6.83, P < 0.001),
HbA1C (
WMD: -0.71 %, 95% CI: -1.19, -0.23, P = 0.004) and
HOMA-IR
(WMD: -1.53, 95% CI: -2.35, -0.72, P < 0.001; I2: 89.9%, p < 0.001)
Competitor Product Swipe:
According to a study by Harvard Medical School, chromium safely lowers blood sugar levels and improves insulin sensitivity. When your body lacks chromium, which is likely your situation right now, your ability to lose weight is held back from a cellular level. The right amount of chromium as found in every serving of GlucoTrust helps to unleash your metabolism and kick it into high gear. Your body stops storing fat and starts melting it away like a block of ice under the hot sun.
Mechanism of Ingredients - AKA, proof that Supporting Ingredients Help Solution:
Twice a day treatment for 120 days with GlycaCare-II led to a statistically significant change in HbA1c (p < 0.001), FBS (p < 0.001), PBS (p < 0.001) on both prediabetic and newly diagnosed diabetic patients. GlycaCare-II showed a similar potential as metformin in the treatment of T2DM. In the prediabetic group, both GlycaCare-II and metformin were comparable for all the hyperglycemic index parameters. In the case of newly diagnosed diabetic patients, GlycaCare-II showed a significantly better reduction for PBS (p = 0.026) as compared to metformin, while all other parameters in the diabetic panel were comparable. No adverse events were reported throughout the trial period.